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Production is unique among the Graphene Flagship's technical work packages, in that it does not focus on research. The three principal goals of WP11 are to provide material samples, and a link to Europe's Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies (NMP) programmes, and to deal with standardisation matters. Work package leader is Ken Teo of semiconductor specialist and technology enabling firm Aixtron in Cambridge, and deputy Nalin Rupesinghe, also of Aixtron.

Work Package 9, Energy, looks at energy conversion and storage using graphene and other 2d materials in devices such as photovoltaic cells, fuel cells and batteries. Work package leader is Etienne Quesnel of the CEA French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission in Grenoble, and deputy is Vittorio Pellegrini of the Italian Institute of Technology Graphene Labs in Genova.

Work Package 8, Flexible Electronics (WP8), is devoted to what the Graphene Flagship describes as the next ubiquitous platform for the electronics industry. Graphene – a thin, flexible, ultra-strong and highly conductive film – is an obvious choice for flexible electronics. This 2d material will enable a wide range of applications, in a way similar and complementary to silicon technology. Work package leader is Stefano Borini of Nokia Technologies in Cambridge, and deputy Sebastiano Ravesi of STMicroelectronics in Catania.

Work Package 4 (WP4), High Frequency Electronics, focuses on the development of graphene-based electronics technologies operating at gigahertz frequencies and above, capable of significantly outperforming state-of-the-art devices. Work Package leader is Daniel Neumaier of AMO GmbH in Aachen. Deputy leader is Herbert-Zirath from Chalmers University of Technology in Göteborg. Here we highlight two WP4 achievements over the past year.

Graphene Flagship experts guide the development of graphene research and unfold the complexity of now and beyond.

Dr Kari Hjelt appointed new Head of Innovation to lead the coordination of the Graphene Flagship’s innovation processes, effective 18 January 2016.

Graphene Flagship researchers show how the 2d material graphene can improve the energy capacity, efficiency and stability of lithium-oxygen batteries.

Ultra-fast detection of light lies at the heart of optical communication systems nowadays. Driven by the internet of things and 5G, data communication bandwidth is growing exponentially, thus requiring even faster optical detectors that can be integrated into photonic circuits.

Graphene Flagship will take on board 13 partnering projects, as a result of a Joint Transnational Call, with a total budget of 9,9 million €.

Producing graphene in bulk is critical when it comes to the industrial exploitation of this exceptional two-dimensional material. To that end, Graphene Flagship researchers have developed a novel variant on the chemical vapour deposition process which yields high quality material in a scalable manner. This advance should significantly narrow the performance gap between synthetic and natural graphene.

Graphene Flagship researchers have developed an optical fibre laser that emits pulses with durations equivalent to just a few wavelengths of the light used. This fastest ever laser based on graphene will be ideal for use in ultrafast spectroscopy, and in surgical lasers that avoid heat damage to living tissue.